Evaluation of the effect of diacetyl morphine on salivary factors and their changes after methadone therapy.
Identifieur interne : 000218 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000217; suivant : 000219Evaluation of the effect of diacetyl morphine on salivary factors and their changes after methadone therapy.
Auteurs : Majid Akbari [Iran] ; Reza Afshari [Iran] ; Mahsa Sharif ; Seyed Isaac Hashemy [Iran] ; Sara Majidinia [Iran]Source :
- The journal of contemporary dental practice [ 1526-3711 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Acide urique (analyse), Adolescent (MeSH), Adulte (MeSH), Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH), Antioxydants (analyse), Concentration en ions d'hydrogène (MeSH), Dépendance à l'héroïne (métabolisme), Dépendance à l'héroïne (rééducation et réadaptation), Femelle (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Héroïne (effets indésirables), Jeune adulte (MeSH), Monoxyde d'azote (analyse), Myeloperoxidase (analyse), Myeloperoxidase (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Mâle (MeSH), Méthadone (usage thérapeutique), Protéine C-réactive (analyse), Salive (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Stupéfiants (effets indésirables), Traitement de substitution aux opiacés (MeSH), Études de suivi (MeSH).
- MESH :
- analyse : Acide urique, Antioxydants, Monoxyde d'azote, Myeloperoxidase, Protéine C-réactive.
- effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques : Myeloperoxidase, Salive.
- effets indésirables : Héroïne, Stupéfiants.
- métabolisme : Dépendance à l'héroïne.
- rééducation et réadaptation : Dépendance à l'héroïne.
- usage thérapeutique : Méthadone.
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Concentration en ions d'hydrogène, Femelle, Humains, Jeune adulte, Mâle, Traitement de substitution aux opiacés, Études de suivi.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Adult (MeSH), Antioxidants (analysis), C-Reactive Protein (analysis), Female (MeSH), Follow-Up Studies (MeSH), Heroin (adverse effects), Heroin Dependence (metabolism), Heroin Dependence (rehabilitation), Humans (MeSH), Hydrogen-Ion Concentration (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Methadone (therapeutic use), Middle Aged (MeSH), Narcotics (adverse effects), Nitric Oxide (analysis), Opiate Substitution Treatment (MeSH), Peroxidase (analysis), Peroxidase (drug effects), Saliva (drug effects), Uric Acid (analysis), Young Adult (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , adverse effects : Heroin, Narcotics.
- chemical , analysis : Antioxidants, C-Reactive Protein, Nitric Oxide, Peroxidase, Uric Acid.
- chemical , drug effects : Peroxidase.
- drug effects : Saliva.
- metabolism : Heroin Dependence.
- rehabilitation : Heroin Dependence.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Methadone.
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Male, Middle Aged, Opiate Substitution Treatment, Young Adult.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Psychoactive drugs are responsible for pathological changes in the mouth including dental caries, which most troublesome. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of heroin on several salivary factors which are involved in the oral health and their changes after methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty patients with heroin abuse history, who referred to Imam Reza Hospital for MMT were included. Saliva sampling was carried out two times; at the first visit (time 1) and repeated 1 month after MMT (time 2). The saliva was analyzed immediately to evaluate the total volume, Ph, CPR, the Uric acid concentration, nitric oxide and antioxidant capacity.
RESULTS
The mean values for saliva volume, pH, CRP, Uric acid, antioxidant and nitric oxide were 0.38 ± 0.14, 7.63 ± 1.22, 5.2 ± 2.3, 1.47 ± 0.8, 0.80 ± 0.23, and 0.26 ± 0.03, respectively at first visit and 0.34 ± 0.22, 7.37 ± 1.01, 6.1 ± 2.6, 2.18 ± 0.9, 0.74 ± 0.3 and 0.29 ± 0.08 after 1 month of MMT. These values are below the normal ranges; however, there was no significant difference between two times in term of saliva volume, pH and saliva component (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Heroin addiction changed the effective salivary factors and therefore could negatively contribute to oral health. These factors were not return to the normal range after 1 month of MMT. Physicians should be informed about focusing on oral health in patients under MMT.
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1607
PubMed: 25825098
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mashhad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Majidinia, Sara" sort="Majidinia, Sara" uniqKey="Majidinia S" first="Sara" last="Majidinia">Sara Majidinia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Material Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Phone: +98 5118829501, e-mail: majidiniaS881@mums.ac.ir.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Assistant 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after methadone therapy.</title><author><name sortKey="Akbari, Majid" sort="Akbari, Majid" uniqKey="Akbari M" first="Majid" last="Akbari">Majid Akbari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mashhad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Afshari, Reza" sort="Afshari, Reza" uniqKey="Afshari R" first="Reza" last="Afshari">Reza Afshari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Associate Professor, Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Associate Professor, Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mashhad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sharif, Mahsa" sort="Sharif, Mahsa" uniqKey="Sharif M" first="Mahsa" last="Sharif">Mahsa Sharif</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Dentist, Department of Operative and Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad Iran.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Mashhad Iran</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hashemy, Seyed Isaac" sort="Hashemy, Seyed Isaac" uniqKey="Hashemy S" first="Seyed Isaac" last="Hashemy">Seyed Isaac Hashemy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mashhad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Majidinia, Sara" sort="Majidinia, Sara" uniqKey="Majidinia S" first="Sara" last="Majidinia">Sara Majidinia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Material Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Phone: +98 5118829501, e-mail: majidiniaS881@mums.ac.ir.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Material Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Phone: +98 5118829501</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Phone: +98 5118829501</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The journal of contemporary dental practice</title><idno type="eISSN">1526-3711</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Antioxidants (analysis)</term><term>C-Reactive Protein (analysis)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Follow-Up Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Heroin (adverse effects)</term><term>Heroin Dependence (metabolism)</term><term>Heroin Dependence (rehabilitation)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration (MeSH)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Methadone (therapeutic use)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Narcotics (adverse effects)</term><term>Nitric Oxide (analysis)</term><term>Opiate Substitution Treatment (MeSH)</term><term>Peroxidase (analysis)</term><term>Peroxidase (drug effects)</term><term>Saliva (drug effects)</term><term>Uric Acid (analysis)</term><term>Young Adult (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acide urique (analyse)</term><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term><term>Adulte (MeSH)</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH)</term><term>Antioxydants (analyse)</term><term>Concentration en ions d'hydrogène (MeSH)</term><term>Dépendance à l'héroïne (métabolisme)</term><term>Dépendance à l'héroïne (rééducation et réadaptation)</term><term>Femelle (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Héroïne (effets indésirables)</term><term>Jeune adulte (MeSH)</term><term>Monoxyde d'azote (analyse)</term><term>Myeloperoxidase (analyse)</term><term>Myeloperoxidase (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Mâle (MeSH)</term><term>Méthadone (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Protéine C-réactive (analyse)</term><term>Salive (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Stupéfiants (effets indésirables)</term><term>Traitement de substitution aux opiacés (MeSH)</term><term>Études de suivi (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Heroin</term><term>Narcotics</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Antioxidants</term><term>C-Reactive Protein</term><term>Nitric Oxide</term><term>Peroxidase</term><term>Uric Acid</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Peroxidase</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analyse" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acide urique</term><term>Antioxydants</term><term>Monoxyde d'azote</term><term>Myeloperoxidase</term><term>Protéine C-réactive</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Saliva</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques" xml:lang="fr"><term>Myeloperoxidase</term><term>Salive</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets indésirables" xml:lang="fr"><term>Héroïne</term><term>Stupéfiants</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Heroin Dependence</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Dépendance à l'héroïne</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="rehabilitation" xml:lang="en"><term>Heroin Dependence</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="rééducation et réadaptation" xml:lang="fr"><term>Dépendance à l'héroïne</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Methadone</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Méthadone</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Female</term><term>Follow-Up Studies</term><term>Humans</term><term>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Opiate Substitution Treatment</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Concentration en ions d'hydrogène</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Jeune adulte</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Traitement de substitution aux opiacés</term><term>Études de suivi</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>OBJECTIVES</b></p><p>Psychoactive drugs are responsible for pathological changes in the mouth including dental caries, which most troublesome. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of heroin on several salivary factors which are involved in the oral health and their changes after methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>MATERIALS AND METHODS</b></p><p>Forty patients with heroin abuse history, who referred to Imam Reza Hospital for MMT were included. Saliva sampling was carried out two times; at the first visit (time 1) and repeated 1 month after MMT (time 2). The saliva was analyzed immediately to evaluate the total volume, Ph, CPR, the Uric acid concentration, nitric oxide and antioxidant capacity.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>The mean values for saliva volume, pH, CRP, Uric acid, antioxidant and nitric oxide were 0.38 ± 0.14, 7.63 ± 1.22, 5.2 ± 2.3, 1.47 ± 0.8, 0.80 ± 0.23, and 0.26 ± 0.03, respectively at first visit and 0.34 ± 0.22, 7.37 ± 1.01, 6.1 ± 2.6, 2.18 ± 0.9, 0.74 ± 0.3 and 0.29 ± 0.08 after 1 month of MMT. These values are below the normal ranges; however, there was no significant difference between two times in term of saliva volume, pH and saliva component (p > 0.05).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b></p><p>Heroin addiction changed the effective salivary factors and therefore could negatively contribute to oral health. These factors were not return to the normal range after 1 month of MMT. Physicians should be informed about focusing on oral health in patients under MMT.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25825098</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>06</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2019</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>27</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1526-3711</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>15</Volume><Issue>6</Issue><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>Nov</Month><Day>01</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The journal of contemporary dental practice</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Contemp Dent Pract</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Evaluation of the effect of diacetyl morphine on salivary factors and their changes after methadone therapy.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>730-4</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVES" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">Psychoactive drugs are responsible for pathological changes in the mouth including dental caries, which most troublesome. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of heroin on several salivary factors which are involved in the oral health and their changes after methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="MATERIALS AND METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Forty patients with heroin abuse history, who referred to Imam Reza Hospital for MMT were included. Saliva sampling was carried out two times; at the first visit (time 1) and repeated 1 month after MMT (time 2). The saliva was analyzed immediately to evaluate the total volume, Ph, CPR, the Uric acid concentration, nitric oxide and antioxidant capacity.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">The mean values for saliva volume, pH, CRP, Uric acid, antioxidant and nitric oxide were 0.38 ± 0.14, 7.63 ± 1.22, 5.2 ± 2.3, 1.47 ± 0.8, 0.80 ± 0.23, and 0.26 ± 0.03, respectively at first visit and 0.34 ± 0.22, 7.37 ± 1.01, 6.1 ± 2.6, 2.18 ± 0.9, 0.74 ± 0.3 and 0.29 ± 0.08 after 1 month of MMT. These values are below the normal ranges; however, there was no significant difference between two times in term of saliva volume, pH and saliva component (p > 0.05).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Heroin addiction changed the effective salivary factors and therefore could negatively contribute to oral health. These factors were not return to the normal range after 1 month of MMT. Physicians should be informed about focusing on oral health in patients under MMT.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Akbari</LastName><ForeName>Majid</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Afshari</LastName><ForeName>Reza</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Associate Professor, Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sharif</LastName><ForeName>Mahsa</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dentist, Department of Operative and Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hashemy</LastName><ForeName>Seyed Isaac</ForeName><Initials>SI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Majidinia</LastName><ForeName>Sara</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Material Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Phone: +98 5118829501, e-mail: majidiniaS881@mums.ac.ir.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2014</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>01</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>India</Country><MedlineTA>J Contemp Dent Pract</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101090552</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1526-3711</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000975">Antioxidants</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D009294">Narcotics</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>268B43MJ25</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D014527">Uric Acid</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>31C4KY9ESH</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D009569">Nitric Oxide</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>70D95007SX</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D003932">Heroin</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>9007-41-4</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D002097">C-Reactive Protein</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 1.11.1.7</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D009195">Peroxidase</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>UC6VBE7V1Z</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D008691">Methadone</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>D</CitationSubset><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000293" MajorTopicYN="N">Adolescent</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000975" MajorTopicYN="N">Antioxidants</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002097" MajorTopicYN="N">C-Reactive Protein</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005500" MajorTopicYN="N">Follow-Up Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003932" MajorTopicYN="N">Heroin</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="Y">adverse effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006556" MajorTopicYN="N">Heroin Dependence</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000534" MajorTopicYN="N">rehabilitation</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006863" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008691" MajorTopicYN="N">Methadone</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009294" MajorTopicYN="N">Narcotics</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="Y">adverse effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009569" MajorTopicYN="N">Nitric Oxide</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058850" MajorTopicYN="Y">Opiate Substitution Treatment</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009195" MajorTopicYN="N">Peroxidase</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012463" MajorTopicYN="N">Saliva</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014527" MajorTopicYN="N">Uric Acid</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055815" MajorTopicYN="N">Young Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2015</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2014</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>0</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2016</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25825098</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">1526-3711-1359</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1607</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Iran</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Sharif, Mahsa" sort="Sharif, Mahsa" uniqKey="Sharif M" first="Mahsa" last="Sharif">Mahsa Sharif</name></noCountry><country name="Iran"><noRegion><name sortKey="Akbari, Majid" sort="Akbari, Majid" uniqKey="Akbari M" first="Majid" last="Akbari">Majid Akbari</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Afshari, Reza" sort="Afshari, Reza" uniqKey="Afshari R" first="Reza" last="Afshari">Reza Afshari</name><name sortKey="Hashemy, Seyed Isaac" sort="Hashemy, Seyed Isaac" uniqKey="Hashemy S" first="Seyed Isaac" last="Hashemy">Seyed Isaac Hashemy</name><name sortKey="Majidinia, Sara" sort="Majidinia, Sara" uniqKey="Majidinia S" first="Sara" last="Majidinia">Sara Majidinia</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour 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